英国FDA的全新研究，研究猜疑近期时兴的无谷粮将会与狗的某类心肌梗塞有关系，并发布了一系列汇报病案。详尽报导能够戳这儿：无谷粮遭提出质疑，FDA训话16家知名品牌，爱肯拿等在列。这一话题讨论最近在国外新闻媒体也造成了许多 探讨和关心，另一方面，也是有不一样响声觉得，FDA的汇报沒有将别的多种要素清查可循，还不可以得出结论觉得“无谷”是造成 DCM的缘故。

今日共享一个不同的声音，作者是一位英国宠物医生，很多年来一直认为无谷饲养(自做鲜粮饲养)。以便便捷诸位我国小宠物阅读者参照，大家对其网络文章开展了一部分摘选，并根据中英文互译的方式供诸位参照。

The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) launched a study one year ago investigating dogs diagnosed with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) .Recently the FDA reported its findings of what they know to date.

一年前，美国药品管理处(FDA)进行了一项研究，对被诊断为扩张型心肌病(DCM)的犬开展了一项研究。 近期FDA汇报了她们目前为止孰知的发觉。

What we know

大家明确的信息内容

There are an estimated 77 million dogs in the United States.

据统计，美国有7700万个狗。

DCM has been reported in dogs and cats years prior to this report. Common causes are genetic, however infectious disease (viral, bacterial and parasitic), heavy metal toxicity, chemotherapy drugs, obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disorders can cause DCM.There are 560 reported dog cases of DCM and 14 cat cases in the FDA investigation. This represents 0.0007% of the total dog population in the United States.

有关猫和狗的DCM在本汇报以前就早已被汇报过。常见的病由于基因遗传，但传染性疾病(病毒感染，病菌和裂头蚴)，重金属超标毒副作用，化疗药，肥胖症，糖尿病患者和别的代谢紊乱将会造成 DCM。在FDA调研里，出現了560宗犬患DCM个例及14宗猫个例。这占了美国狗数量的0.0007%。

Dogs ate grain-free and grain-containing diets; most ate grain free in the FDA investigation. It is not known if the amount of grain-free diets fed represents a market share。

狗吃无谷和带有谷物的食材;在FDA的调研中，大部分狗吃的是无谷粮。现阶段不可以明确这是不是和无谷粮的市场占有率相符合。

The 77-page complaint report contained dogs and cats diagnosed with DCM. Some of the dogs were NOT diagnosed with an echocardiogram, which is the standard of care to diagnose DCM.

这一份77页的举报汇报包含了许多 被诊断为DCM的猫和狗。但一些狗沒有超声心动图诊断，而它是诊断DCM的作业流程。

The FDA has made no recommendations since starting the investigation over one year ago.

自一年多前刚开始调研至今，FDA并沒有明确提出一切提议。

My findings and experience

我的发现和工作经验

I have recommended grain-free diets since 2005 (14 years.) While practicing I have diagnosed 4 cases of DCM in 21 years of seeing medical cases.In the whole scheme of health risks for dogs, this study is very small and the DCM is relatively uncommon in the general population. In scientific analysis and study, 0.0007% is not statically significant. To put it into perspective over 50% of American dogs are overweight. Obesity also causes DCM.

自2006年至今，我这14年一直在强烈推荐没有谷物的小宠物饮食搭配方法。结合实际，我还在21年的诊疗实例中诊断出4例DCM。在全部狗的健康风险中，此项研究经营规模十分小，DCM一般是较为罕见的。在科学论证和研究中，0.0007%沒有统计学意义。从长久看来，超出50%的美国狗超载，而肥胖症也会造成DCM。

Processed food is considered to have less nutritional value than whole fresh food. Poor nutrition in people is a contributing factor to DCM in humans. Let’s face it, ANY dog food in a can, bag or bulk container is processed in some way. It is not the most nutritious food. The most nutritious food is fresh。 I recommend adding in fresh cooked meat, like turkey, chicken, beef or fish with each meal in addition to fresh veggies. For cats, only add in the meat. I do recommend raw meat feeding IF it comes from a SAFE commercial handler of raw meat like Primal Pet foods. Please do not feed grocery store meat raw. It contains bacteria levels, which are considered safe only if cooked. Cooked grocery store meat is safe.

生产加工食品类比新鮮食品类营养成分更低，缺乏营养是造成 DCM的一个关键要素。我们一起接受现实：水果罐头、成袋或散称的一切犬粮全是以某类方法生产加工的，它并不是最有营养成分的食材。最有营养成分的食材是新鮮的。我建议在小宠物饮食搭配里，除开新鲜水果，要加上新鮮熟肉，如野兔，鸡脯肉，牛羊肉或鱼。猫只加肉。假如生肉来源于安全性的加工商局，我建议服用生肉。请不要把杂货铺的生肉用于喂养，它的病菌水准将会超标准，只能在煮开后才被觉得是安全性的。喂熟菜杂货铺的肉一般是安全性的。

I believe I have “fixed” more medical problems with grain-free diets than I have with grain-containing diets. Many grains cause issues in our pets including skin, ear and anal gland problems. By removing grains, we remove itchiness and discomfort for many pets. I am a huge supporter that food is medicine and by modifying diets, we can fix many diseases. Perhaps the biggest disease is obesity affecting over 50% of our dogs. Grain-free food, when fed properly, gets dogs to lose weight, and weight loss fixes many problems.

相信对比带有谷物的食品类，无谷的饮食搭配解决了大量的宠物诊所难题。很多谷物会引起小宠物健康问题，包含肌肤、耳朵里面和腺等。根据把谷物从菜谱里除掉，大家清除了很多小宠物的发痒和不适感。我十分适用“饮食疗法”，根据更改饮食搭配，能够防御力许多 病症。或许较大 的病症便是肥胖症，肥胖症危害了超出50%的狗。假如喂养适合的无谷食材，能够让狗维持更健康的身型，而减肥瘦身能够处理十分多难题。

Some of the dog foods in the investigation are over-represented like Zignature and Acana pet foods. These pet foods do contain peas as a protein source. Peas provide a great deal of protein but provide protein from a plant source, not a meat source. Not all protein sources are considered equal. Specific amino acids are found in meats that are not found in plants. One is taurine.This is why a vegetarian diet is not recommended for your dog.

调查中的一些宠物食品问题被夸大了。比如zignature和acana。这些食物中的确使用了豌豆作为蛋白质来源。豌豆提供了大量蛋白质，但是植物蛋白而非动物来源蛋白。并不是所有的蛋白质都是一样的，有一些特定氨基酸只存在于肉类中，比如牛磺酸。这就是为什么我不推荐你的狗吃素。

UC Davis published a report in 2003 of dogs eating lamb and rice food that had low taurine levels and hypothesized it caused DCM.

加州大学戴维斯分校于2003年发表了一份报告。当狗吃羊肉和米饭时，牛磺酸含量较低，并假设这是引起DCM的原因。

Determining what causes DCM in the dog is very complicated. So far only grain-free diets has been implicated. One important observation is that ALL but one or two of these diets were processed (one or two were homemade.) As a veterinarian I must recommend what I think is best for my patients, natural fresh food is best. If you cannot cook for your pet daily (which most of us can’t) then second best is anything in moderation, so adding in fresh cooked meat and veggies daily is a great option.

要确定狗患有DCM的原因非常复杂。到目前为止，只有无谷物饮食被密切关联。一项重要的观察是，除了一到两个特例，大部分被报告的都是喂的加工食品。作为一名兽医，我必须推荐我认为对我的病人最好的，自然新鲜的食物是最好的。如果你不能每天为你的宠物做饭(我们大多数人都做不到)，那么第二好的选择就是适度烹饪，所以每天添加新鲜的熟肉和蔬菜是一个很好的选择。

My Recommendations

我的建议

The FDA has not made any formal recommendations. They recommend you speak with your veterinarian.

FDA没有提出任何正式建议。他们建议你咨询兽医。

If you are concerned, your dog can be examined by a veterinarian, chest xrays and an echocardiogram can be performed to rule-out DCM.

如果你担心，你的狗可以通过兽医检查，X光检查和超声心动图可以排除DCM。

Researchers at UC Davis do believe that Golden Retrievers may have a genetic predilection to DCM and taurine deficiency. If you own a Golden who’s parents have DCM, it is important to get a baseline echocardiogram and cardiac workup for your dog.

加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员认为，金毛猎犬可能更容易发生DCM和牛磺酸缺乏。如果你拥有一条金毛而且它的父母有DCM病史，可以为你的狗做一个超声心动图和心脏检查。

At this time I do not recommend switching your dog off of grain-free food if your dog is doing well. I do recommend adding in fresh meat (cooked) and veggies daily to add fresh protein, vitamins and minerals. I do recommend rotating diets to give your dog a variety of foods. Rotating meat and veggies is also important. I do recommend seeing your veterinarian on a routine basis to have your dog examined to pick up on any disease. Exercise and keeping your dog lean also contributes to a healthy pet.

如果你的狗现在状态很好，我认为你不应该放弃无谷物喂养。我建议每天添加新鲜肉类(熟食)和蔬菜，添加新鲜蛋白质、维生素和矿物质。我确实推荐给你的狗轮流喂多种食物，轮换肉类和蔬菜也很重要。我建议你让兽医保持日常检查，以发现任何疾病迹象。运动和保持你的狗的好身材也有助于它度过健康长寿的一生。

本文参考来源：《FDA, DCM and Grain-free Diets》 https://canobievet.com/fda-dcm-and-grain-free-diets/

图片来源：Pixabay

中文编译：ilowlow@宠物行业观察